MOOCs will accompany Second Life into obscurity

The current buzz running through the higher education press over MOOCs or Massive Open Online Courses is eerily similar to the wild enthusiasm that Second Life generated. Sure, you've practically forgotten Second Life, but circa 2005, it was touted as the next evolution in the web and guaranteed to revolutionize not only online education, but all online human interaction. Today, it's all but fizzled into obscurity.

Now, I can't wade through a day without a podcast, blog, education journal, or e-newsletter gushing about how MOOCs will change everything. (If you've been off-world for several months and need a quick update on MOOCs, this short video by Dave Cormier can quickly bring you up to speed or read his more detailed piece posted by EDUCAUSE.)

Granted when players such as Stanford, UC Berkley, Harvard, and MIT get involved with mega-million dollar investments people tend to pay attention, but is this model of the open online course going to empty traditional classrooms? Will taking a series of classes for credit that then translates into a college degree become as obsolete as a slide rule? Leaving aside the reality that schools can't even agree to accept each others' English Composition courses, I can unhesitantly and unequivocally say, "No!"

First, the recent surge of enrollments in MOOCs can be attributed as much to voyeurism as scholarly work. Strip out the attendance from those eager university administrators, worried professors and curious bloggers and the growth won't look nearly so staggering.

Second, minus the groups previously mentioned, the vast majority of those people who are taking these courses already have a college degree or at least achieved a level of expertise in the subject so that they don't need the college credits. The software engineer from Seattle or the coding genius from Bangalore who enroll in a MOOC to learn about Artificial Intelligence will be as much contributors to the content as they will be recipients.

What isn't being talked about it is that the final consumer of a college degree isn't the student who enrolls in the classes. Students are only intermediate consumers and certainly not very demanding ones.

As most instructors can attest, with few exceptions, students do not enroll in Accounting or Chemistry because of a passion for the subject matter--much to the chagrin of those who have made it their life's work to teach and conduct research in these fields. Instead, these buyers of higher education enroll because they know they need to pass the course to be awarded the credits that will earn them the degree. The degree then becomes a kind of currency that the labor market understands making business the ultimate consumer. Until schools can agree upon a credit exchange rate, courses taken through MOOCs will be virtually worthless currency.

This isn't to say, however, that MOOCs are worthless. The real benefit to the schools fronting these initiatives is tapping into this student network of knowledge in an era of diminished endowments, reduced state budgets, and cut-backs on corporate research and development. From this angle, MOOCs just might make some noticeable contributions.

Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

Outliers - It takes 10,000 hours to be one.

So often popular business books focus on trends, averages, and generalities. But Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers, turned his attention away from the mass in the middle, and instead looked outward to the end of the bell curve. In statistics, the term outlier is used to mean something that lies outside of the expected range of values. Malcolm Gladwell examined what it is that makes that select few wildly successful.

Throughout the book, he asks two questions over and over: "Where are these people from?" and "When did they live?". His research creates compelling arguments that these two factors have as much to do with "unusual achievement" as the people themselves.

In addition to the so-called luck of being born at the right time in the right place, he also concludes that successful people devote a minimum of 10,000 hours of practice before they get really good at something.

In other words, the Beatles didn't just stumble onto the world stage as great performers. They came of age during a time that was ready for their wild rock-n-roll, and they had the chance to hone their craft in Hamburg, Germany playing as much as eight hours a day, seven days a week. When America watched their first performance on the Ed Sullivan show on February 9, 1964, the Beatles had already logged their prerequisite 10,000 hours of practice that would launch them into greatness.

If Bill Gates had been born a few years earlier, or if he had lived in a different city, the evolution of the personal computer would have taken a completely different path. In 1968, a 13-year-old Bill Gates joined a computer club where he accessed a time-sharing computer with a direct link to a mainframe in downtown Seattle. Gladwell argues that probably no other high school kid in America had access to so much time-share computing. He's probably right on that count since at that time, most university professors were still using punch cards.

Over the next few years, Bill Gates' interest in computers became an obsession. "In one seven-month period in 1971, Gates and his cohorts ran up 1,575 hours of computer time on the ISI mainframe, which averages out to eight hours a day, seven days a week," Gladwell writes. He was already well on his way to 10,000 hours.

Although I agree that the "Where" and "When" Gladwell uncovers are contributing factors in success, and may even be the primary ones, I don't believe he gives enough credit to the individuals. Sure the Beatles were born at the right time and place, but it was this merry band of men who relentlessly played in seedy clubs in Hamburg to perfect their craft. It was Bill Gates' inner geek that drove him to spend so many hours programming. If different people had been in the so-called right time and place, an opportunity for wild success would have no doubt been lost.

With Gladwell's engaging writing, this book is a quick read, and it's not likely one you'll read again. However, his 10,000 hour rule has become a common business reference.
Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

Put on your own oxygen mask first

One look at the guy and I could tell he was burned out. He had just returned from a week of vacation, but he already felt he needed another one. He was even toying with the idea of quitting his job. Burnout does that to you.

Out of desperation, he was planning to take more time off, and I listened to him list all of the pressing matters and needy people that would consume his time away from the office.

I asked him what he enjoyed doing, and if he remembered the last time that he did it. I knew he wouldn't, and of course, he didn't.

Because I work in a 24/7 environment, I am prone to burn-out too, so I passed along some advice that I've learned from the airlines.

Flight attendants lecture us before take-off, that in the event of a drop in cabin pressure, passengers should first put on their own oxygen mask before helping others who may need their assistance. That sounds counter-intuitive, but you can’t help others if you yourself can’t breathe.

Burnout stems from resentment, and although there's a certain feeling of superiority to announce to the world "Who has time to relax?" the inevitable result is a deadness and apathy that has us just going through the motions of life. It can be a hard lesson to learn, but we are more useful to our family, place of employment, and the million other things that we're responsible for if we first give ourselves a chance to breathe.

That means carving out the time to ignore the "To do" list and doing something that recharges, and re-invigorates--whether that something is puttering in the garden, reading that best-seller, or going out with friends. 

Burnout doesn't happen overnight, nor does it go away overnight. But mindfully making time for ourselves to regenerate without guilt goes a long way to repairing the damage--and we owe it to everyone to do it.
Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

Apple vs the Department of Justice - A page-turning whodunit

The case the Department of Justice (DOJ) has brought against Apple and five book publishers has been unfolding for weeks with all the drama of a page-turning whodunit. The villains, Apple along with HarperCollins, Simon and Schuster, Hachette, Penguin Group (USA) and Macmillan are accused of conspiring to fix the prices of ebooks against the looming threat of renegade Amazon.

Kindle-carrying consumers are the witless victims while the DOJ casts itself as the justice-serving hero.

The story begins with Amazon having the audacity to sell ebooks for $9.99 thus wringing out much of the fat margin from book publishers. Steve Jobs knew this move quite well. The deceased Apple CEO's iTunes model did the same thing to the music industry. One can almost imagine the whack to the forehead as Mr. Jobs wondered why he hadn't thought of this first.

Rather than trying to get its share of the profits, and perhaps even beating Amazon at its own game, Apple allegedly schemed with the publishers to set prices at $12.99 or $14.99 and hence the conspiracy, or "restraint of trade" as the economics textbooks will cite, was born.

"As a result of this alleged conspiracy, we believe that consumers paid millions of dollars more for some of the most popular titles," said Attorney General Eric Holder.

Perhaps.

But was the consumer harmed? Or more specifically, will the DOJ "remedy" help more than the market mechanism that does a pretty good job of policing itself without lawyers.

Even if the companies all settle out of court, here's what's likely to happen.

1. The publishers and Apple will be fined and charged with legal fees. (The attorneys win.)
   
2. The fines will be distributed as vouchers toward future purchases to consumers who can prove that they purchased an ebook at these "inflated" prices. (Who saves this kind of receipt?)
   
3. Publishers and Apple reap extra sales if consumers cash in their vouchers. (The publishers and Apple win.)

In the interim, I don't see a lot of hand-wringing angst among the eReader crowd. They all seem pretty happy with their purchases--at whatever price they paid.

If allowed to develop on its own, without the Detective DOJ character, this story would have a much different ending. Clearly, no one advocates this type of collusion, but if and when it does happen, it seldom holds up for long. Human nature, or corporate greed as its usually dubbed, wins out in the long run as the incentive to cheat and gain market share takes hold. Conspirators become competitors, and the actions of the DOJ merely punish innovative American corporations.

And as with most good novels, there's always a plot twist. The real threat to the cozy publishing industry may not yet be introduced for several more chapters. The wise thing to do would be to stop trying to rewrite the script and just keep reading

Update July 10, 2013: Judge Finds Apple Colluded with Publishers on E-Book Pricing. Yep. I knew it!

Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

(Shutterstock photo)

Marketing Your Website - 1997 to 2012

I was sorting through some files today, not electronic files mind you, but dead-tree files, and I came across a folder that held the remains of a presentation I gave for small business owners in 1997 titled, "Marketing Your Website." Tucked in the back was an overhead transparency with the bullet points of my lecture. I remember I would often have to resort to this low-tech tool because there usually wasn't a projector in the room that would connect to a PC.

It was after all the early years of the commercialized World Wide Web.

Although social media, a huge part of web marketing today, is absent from my list, the points from 1997 are ironically still very applicable today.

• Clarify
  Define your objectives. What purpose will your web site serve? In 1997 as well as today, many small business websites are simply glorified Yellow Page listings. (And who even looks at a phone book anymore?)

  Although that type of site is better than no web presence at all, people go to websites to learn more about a business than what they could find through other channels. Pictures of the product or service, a map, and customer testimonials are just a few suggestions for a basic site that worked as well in 1997 as they do today. Trivia: The web service of Mapquest was born in 1996, and Google maps didn't launch until 2004!
  

• Commitment
  Maintain and promote your website as a part of the organization. The URL should be on business cards, letter head, print ads, etc. A website address is just as important as a phone number.
  
  
• Contact
  Make sure your customers/clients find your contact information--mailing address, phone number, and an email address that is checked regularly! This adds legitimacy to your web presence.
  
  
• Content
  Adding fresh content to your site keeps people coming back. If you own a nursery, offer up seasonal planting tips. A personal trainer can suggest healthful recipes. For clues as to the web content that makes sense for your business, think about what you might find yourself telling your customer/client in person. This advice is as relevant today as it was 15 years ago, but today the whole element of social media would be added.
  
  
• Connect
  Fifteen years ago, this meant ensuring that your site was listed on search engine sites. For my presentation, I had listed Infoseek, Excite, AltaVista (which used to be my personal favorite in that era), Lycos, Yahoo!, and Web Crawler. Eerily absent is Google. I'd be willing to bet that most people who are reading this either don't know or don't remember any of these search engines save Yahoo! Today, there's a whole science behind Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and connecting is even more relevant today.
  
  
• Concise
  Edit, edit, and then edit again. People have short attention spans when reading on the web. All pages should be easy to navigate. Omit unnecessary words. Content should be concise.
  
  
• Copy
  Proofread or better yet, have someone else proofread everything. The web can be a bit loose with spelling and grammar, but that free-wheeling attitude has no place in a business site. Many people will discount your credibility immediately if they see an error. If you don't pay attention to such public details, what does that say about how you manage a business?

All of this was good advice in 1997, and it's still good advice today. And now that I've committed it to a blog, I don't think I need that transparency anymore!

Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

Ditching the overpriced and underused textbook

College students may have turned up the volume of their discontent about college textbooks, but grumbling about them certainly isn't new. In all of my years in higher education, the most consistent complaint that crops up on course evaluations has been about textbooks. They're boring. They're expensive. And perhaps most surprising, they're barely used.

And it's not just students floundering below C-level who aren't cracking them open. Even "A" students skip the book.

I never quite understood how this could be possible until I discovered what detailed class notes many instructors were distributing to their students. Perhaps without even realizing it, faculty were creating an abridged version of the text highlighting only those things that would be on the exam.

Except for the most judicious or naive, who would bother to read the book?

Last year, Steven Bell, associate university librarian at Temple University offered small grants to 11 faculty members to design their own textbook. Most used resources available through the university's library along with their own notes, and online resources that are freely available. It appears as if the alt-textbook experiment was an overwhelming success. Students saved some money, were more engaged in the content, and faculty tapped the most current information.

Textbook publishers have tried to keep pace with the shrinking attention spans and price fatigue of the typical college student by developing digital assets and other "ancillaries" as they're known in the business. But whether a textbook is consumed in its dead-tree format or on an e-reader, it's still an arcane relic from a by-gone era. Temple University may be onto something.

Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.

The Longevity Project - Why I'll live to be 90+

For more than 40 years, Rose Wartsky managed The Rose Petal bridal shop in Tucson. Even at an age north of 90, she didn't have plans to retire. However, the sagging economy finally forced her to close the store.

To my knowledge, Rose wasn't one of the subjects of the Terman study reported in his Longevity Report, but her passion for work, and her ability to overcome adversity (she and her husband emigrated to the U.S. with nothing after WWII) easily put her into a group who would likely live a long time.

The Longevity Report started in 1921 when Dr.Louis Terman of Stanford University began a study of 1500 children to determine what led to long life. Eight decades later, this book The Longevity Project summarizes some Dr. Terman's findings.

As it turns out, longevity isn't dependent on eating certain foods and avoiding others, exercising, reducing stress, or following any of the other conventional wisdom of today. Not that those things don't have some health benefits, but those healthy traits are a result of conscientious behavior, and that's the trigger for long life.

According to the research (and subsequent related research) "the best childhood predictor of longevity was conscientiousness--the qualities of a prudent, persistent, well-organized person, like a scientist-professor--somewhat obsessive and not at all carefree." That means I am well on my way to seeing my 90+ birthday.



I found it especially satisfying that the findings predict that it was not "cheerfulness or having a sociable personality that predicted long life across the ensuing many decades. Certain factors were also relevant, but the prudent, dependable children lived the longest. The strength of this finding was unexpected, but it proved to be a very important and enduring one."

Another surprising finding was that working long hours, (like Rose did in her dress shop) even in a stressful job, help add years. If you take some one's well-meaning advice not to work so hard, you could be shortening your lifespan! That made me feel a LOT less guilty about working the hours that I do!

Changing the paradigm of manufactured education

One of the stark differences between learning online and learning in the classroom is the freedom it gives the learner. Virtual students can pause, rewind, replay, fast forward, and perhaps most importantly wander down side roads and explore tangents that are almost never allowed in the brick-and-mortar education model.

Rather than holding a student hostage in a captive audience, an online instructor must relinquish much of his/her control. That makes many educators squeamish because it doesn't produce the standardized conformity that's so prevalent in "modern" education.

Without the rigidity of a structured class, online students quickly learn that they can ask lots of questions--questions that instructors often haven't encountered before and fall outside of the answer key provided at the back of the book.

Online learning is definitely forcing us to re-examine the "traditional" ways of teaching and learning. This video featuring the insights of Sir Ken Robinson, British author and the recipient of the 2008 RSA Benjamin Franklin Medal provides some great insight to continue the discussion.

Copyright © Deborah A. Ayers - All rights reserved.